100% Bonus Depreciation – No Income Limitation!

We had a reader send in the following question:

“I read a post from you a week ago or so about 100% bonus depreciation on farm buildings. Looking at putting up a machinery shop will I be able to deduct all of the cost my 2011 taxes if I put the building up this year and have the income to cover it.”

Farmers sometimes get Section 179 and bonus depreciation rules mixed up.  Section 179 has an overall income limitation that applies to the actual deduction that might be allowed.  For example, if the farm generates $200,000 of net income before the allowable Section 179 deduction (including depreciation on all other assets), then the total amount of allowed Section 179 deduction for the year is $200,000.  This is true if the asset placed in service costs $500,000.  Remember that farm buildings are not available for the Section 179 deduction.

Now, in the case of bonus deprecation, as long as the building is a NEW building, the income limitation do not apply.  Let’s take the case of the farm building costing $500,000 with net farm income after all other costs of $200,000.   In this case, the farmer is allowed to take a full bonus depreciation deduction of $500,000 and show a $300,000 farm loss.  If the farmer has no other income, they can carry the loss back two years to offset income in 2008 and 2009 and forward to 2011 and beyond until they use it up.

Remember on all new equipment, farm structures and farm buildings placed in service in 2011, the farmer can deduct 100% of the cost without worrying about the overall income of the farm operation.  Also, make sure to review this with your tax advisor to determine if your structure is set up properly to allow the full deduction.  If you are an S corporation and this bonus depreciation creates a loss greater than your available basis, you will not be allowed to deduct the full amount of bonus depreciation this year.

  • Principal
  • CliftonLarsonAllen
  • Walla Walla, Washington
  • 509-823-2920

Paul Neiffer is a certified public accountant and business advisor specializing in income taxation, accounting services, and succession planning for farmers and agribusiness processors. Paul is a principal with CliftonLarsonAllen in Walla Walla, Washington, as well as a regular speaker at national conferences and contributor at agweb.com. Raised on a farm in central Washington, he has been immersed in the ag industry his entire life, including the last 30 years professionally. Paul and his wife purchase an 180 acre ranch in 2016 and enjoy keeping it full of animals.

Comments

Paul, We own some of the horses and we currently have 5 horses that board at our farm. We also have a lease program to lease our horses. We have day camps, riding instruction and training for young horses that will eventually be sold. We drag the pastures, and fertilize to keep them looking long and green. We then will rotate the pastures so, they don’t get eaten too far down. It’s a lot of work to care for horses.

Hi Paul
I have a farmer client who built a cold storage facility this year. Would in qualify for the 100 % bonus depreciation ??

Does this 100% Bonus Depreciation also apply to Horse Farm Boarding Facilities? We built a new Hay / Farm Equipment Barn this year and would like to use the Bonus Depreciation.

This is where is can get a little bit tricky. Do you board horses that you raise yourself or is this primarily boarding horses for others. If primarily for others, then you may not meet the definition of a farmer and you would not be able to take 100% bonus depreciation.

I put a deposit on a building in Nov 2011 thinking that it would completed and paid for by 12/31/11. The builder has not started the building yet and says it will most likely be completed mid January. What can i do to get the 100% cost dedusction for 2012? Could I just pay for it now, or does it have to be 100% complete by 12/31/11

Paul, I asked about taking the bonus depreciation for a horse board for a boarding facility (entry 68 above). You responded that if I am only boarding horses this may not be a farm business and not eligible (entry 71). However another reader asked about taking the bonus depreciation for a covered arena/barn for a boarding facility (entry 11) and you said that it would be eligible (entry 12).

I have been over p225 and can’t find anything outlining whether horse boarding is a schedule f activity or not, could you please clarify?

46.(53. Is the same question) Adam Says:

September 22nd, 2011 at 10:39 am
I want to purchase a farm truck to use in maintaining 30 acres of farm land I own. I am looking at a $50,000 truck and earn about $125,000 of additional income from a job unrelated to farming. How do I go about writing off the purchase of this vehicle? Over what time period will it depreciate… 5 years or 7? Also, when will the vehicle be considered placed in service? (The day I buy it…or for the whole year in which it was purchased) I will have no farm income yet, but will be trying to work the farmground so that one day it will generate income.

Thanks for the response. And you are correct the building is exisiting (4yrs old). Base on the criteria cited above, does it qualify for 50% depreciation the first year?

Hi Paul,
I have a 90 acre ranch that we cut hay on and I sell a couple of hunting packages. It generates <$3000 anually. I am closing on a contiguous piece of property next week and I am told by my CPA that the current improvements on the new piece is 100% depreciable per the Bonus Depreciation program. The new property has a Barn-dominium used historically as a residential weekend place. I plan to used it as an income producing hunting camp / equipment storage facility. In your opinion does this property qualifiy for the 100% BD?

A purchase of farm land with a building already in use on the property would not qualify for the 100% bonus since it is not a new building, i.e., the first use of service was with you, not the person selling it to you.

If the building was in the process of being built, you may qualify, but I doubt if this is the fact.

Mr. Neiffer – Would you please address question #46/#53 above. I think many people try to go down this slippery slope and would like your input. Thank you.

Can you clarify what question #46 and #53 are. My system does not show that.

We are working like crazy to get the pole barn construction of a machine shop finished. We should have that accomplished and a final inspection done by next week. So technically the building will be finished in 2011. We were hoping to put in electrical and insulation, but time is growing short. How will those amenities be treated if they aren’t finished in 2011?

If the building is ready in 2011, then deducted in 2011. If there is still some minor work to be done, that is capitalized and depreciate in 2012 using the rules in effect then.

I own and operate a part time farm and live in town 20 miles away. This year I have built a machine shed/shop on the farm that includes a office, bathroom and sleeping quarters. New septic and and water systems were required to complete the building. Will all of these expences qualify for the 100% bounus depreciation of 2011?

As long as you have been filing a schedule F for the tax return and reporting your income and expense, you should be fine.

We built a new horse barn for our boarding business in 2011. I assume this is eligible for the bonus depreciation. My question: the barn is valued at about $75,000, however we only spent about $25,000 building it as we did all of the work ourselves. Can I write off the value, or just the actual cost? If just the actual cost, would I be better off taking 20 year depreciation?

You would need to check with your accountant to pin down if this is a farming business or not. If you are raising horses and also boarding them, then are most likely a farmer, however, if your only business is boarding, this may not be a farm business.

With regards to the amount to be listed, it is based on your actual cost of $25,000, not the value. If it qualifies as a farm, you may want to consider depreciating over 20 years since that may be better for you.

Obama’s proposed Jobs Act includes an extension of 100% bonus depreciation through 2012 however excludes qualified real property. Does this include farm buildings?

What are the rules or requrements for being finished in 2011. 100 %? OR just paid for?

Duane

It needs to be finished and ready for its intended use. Usually an occupancy permit is enough.

I noticed you mentioned a farm corporation could write off a home provided for employees using bonus depreciation. Do you have any backup for this argument that farm houses are 20 year property? I’m getting heat on this issue at my office and can’t find any court cases or regs on it.

Mike, I tried sending an e-mail to your address to answer your question, but it got bounced as undeliverable. Can you email me at pneiffer@larsonallen.com and I can reply to that email.

If I had used the bonus depreciation on my 2010 taxes, can I build another building in 2011 or 2012 and take 100% depreciation or was it a one time event?

The bonus depreciation applies each year. So if you took bonus depreciation on a new building in 2010, you can also take it in 2011 on another new building and in 2012 on even another new building.

I am selling the farm operation to my son this year but receive income from cash renting out my other farm land. I also receive CRP income. I am renovating a farm house for a farm office and will have it finished this year. Would I be able to take the 100% bonus depreciation this year?

My husband and I own a farm. We are looking at the 100% deducation bonus for 2011. We want to build a barn or farm office. We live in Tennessee. What I have read says that some states adhere to the deduction rules and some to not. Do you know if this deduction is applicable in Tennessee?
Also, would a farm office be applicable to this deduction bonus?

The farm office should be eligible. Tennessee does not allow bonus depreciation so you will need to compute using regular depreciation.

We are new to farming this year 2011. We have about 50 acres we rent and planted beans and 7 acres we own and planted to beans. Our income is only going to be around 10,000 this year but our expenses are about that. What is this about hobby farming or not producing a profit. We are clueless on tax liability etc. My wife works outside the farm.

Based on your facts, that would not be considered a hobby. The hobby nature is usually more associated with the raising of horses, etc.

Will a net farm loss (I am self employed for my farm business) generated by bonus depreciation taken in 2011 for new ag machinery storage buildings offset other 2011 income on schedule 1040 (W2 wages, interest income and oil & gas lease bonus money)?

Yes, a net loss from schedule F will offset your other income for the year.

No takers on this question??? Please help if possible.

46.Adam Says:

September 22nd, 2011 at 10:39 am
I want to purchase a farm truck to use in maintaining 30 acres of farm land I own. I am looking at a $50,000 truck and earn about $125,000 of additional income from a job unrelated to farming. How do I go about writing off the purchase of this vehicle? Over what time period will it depreciate… 5 years or 7? Also, when will the vehicle be considered placed in service? (The day I buy it…or for the whole year in which it was purchased) I will have no farm income yet, but will be trying to work the farmground so that one day it will generate income.

forgot one last thing – If I use the bonus depreciation on a building – say the cost is $25000, does this affect the 179 expense on machinery purchases I did this year? I would like to use both.

any idea if the IRS would handle it differently if I put the building up on proprty I owned with another? I would pay the entire cost and take 100% of the deduction?

Great site pPaul. If I start a barn in October and finish it Dec. 20 will I be able to take 100% depreciation? I also read some stuff on “Go zones” etc, does that affect me? Lastly, what if I erect a building on property I own with someone else but I pay all of the cost myself. we would have a written agreement and a buy/sell should something happen to one of us. Can I take the 100% deduction on my scedule F?

The key is finishing by the end of the 2011 and since you state it would be done by December 20, 2011, you should be fine. It would be great to have an occupancy permit from your local county to verify in case of an audit.

We have 44 acres that we let a farmer cut the hay on we would like to raise some cows we need new fencing and a new tractor my wife works off the farm so if we buy this tractor and fencing can we take this deduction we have no farm income at this time we are just starting out we file a joint return we had to pay fed tax last year

My preference is that you have some cows already purchased for breeding stock or steers that you are raising. You may still be OK based on your question, but if the plan is to raise cattle, you should have cattle.